Laparoscopic surgery, also called minimally invasive surgery, is a modern surgical technique in which operations in the abdomen are performed through small incisions (usually 0.5-1.5cm) as compared to larger incisions needed in traditional surgical procedures. Laparoscopic surgery includes operations within the abdominal or pelvic cavities, whereas keyhole surgery performed on the thoracic or chest cavity is called thoracoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery belong to the broader field of endoscopy.
The most important element in laparoscopic surgery is the use of a laparoscope which is a telescopic rod lens system connected to a video camera. Also attached is a fiber optic cable system connected to a light source, to illuminate the operative field. The abdomen is usually insufflated with carbon dioxide gas to create a working and viewing space.
The abdomen is essentially blown up like a balloon, elevating the abdominal wall above the internal organs like a dome. The gas used is CO2, as it is common to the human body and can be removed by the respiratory system if it absorbs through tissue.
It is also non-flammable, which is important due to the fact that lasers and electrosurgical devices are commonly used in laparoscopic procedures.
Specifications are subject to change without notice.